U.S. President Biden to set nonbinding target of 50% EVs by 2030; industry backs goal

WASHINGTON -- U.S. President Joe Biden plans to sign an executive order on Thursday setting a target to make half of all new vehicles sold in 2030 zero-emissions vehicles and propose new vehicle emissions rules to cut pollution through 2026, the White House said.

Biden's goal, which is not legally binding, won the support of major U.S. and foreign automakers who warned it would require billions of dollars in government funding.

General Motors, Ford Motor Co. and Chrysler-parent Stellantis confirmed in a joint statement that they aspire "to achieve sales of 40-50 per cent of annual U.S. volumes of electric vehicles... by 2030."

Biden's 50 per cent goal and the automakers' 40-50 per cent aspiration includes battery electric, fuel cell and plug-in hybrid vehicles that also have a gasoline-engine.

Biden has repeatedly resisted calls from many Democrats to set a binding requirement for EV adoption or to follow California and some countries in setting 2035 as a date to phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered light duty vehicles in the face of opposition by the UAW.

"We have got to act," U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said in a CNBC interview. "This goal of getting half of our new vehicles to be electric within the decade is going to be urgently needed for us to meet the imperative of climate in our time."

UAW President Ray Curry noted the EV goal but said "the UAW focus is not on hard deadlines or percentages, but on preserving the wages and benefits that have been the heart and soul of the American middle class."

"We must be ambitious not just about retaining good union jobs, but growing them, and about expanding U.S. manufacturing of electric vehicles, from parts to assembly," the UAW statement said. "It is incumbent that these future jobs will be good-paying American union scale wage and benefit jobs that protect salaries and our critical health and safety standards."

Tesla Inc. CEO Elon Musk, whose company makes only electric vehicles, tweeted early on Thursday: "Seems odd that Tesla wasn’t invited."

Buttigieg, asked about Tesla on CNBC, had no direct comment but said the move to EVs was focused on the entire market.

Biden's new executive order sets a new schedule for developing new emissions standards through at least 2030 for light duty vehicles and as early as 2027 for larger vehicles. The EV goal is aimed at helping the administration address climate change, a top Biden priority, as well as counter China, which is the world's biggest EV market and is spending heavily to develop and advance the adoption of new-energy vehicles. 

“Although this commitment appears to be more of a symbolic one, these sales targets are certainly not unreasonable, and most likely achievable by 2030 given that automakers have already baked in large numbers of electric vehicles into their future product cycles," Edmunds analyst Jessica Caldwell said in a statement.

Dan Becker, director of the Safe Climate Transport Campaign, said the plan "relies on unenforceable voluntary commitments from unreliable car makers....Voluntary pledges by auto companies make a New Year’s weight-loss resolution look like a legally binding contract."

Biden plans a White House event with automakers on Thursday.

The Detroit 3 automakers said the aggressive EV sales goals can only be met with billions of dollars in government incentives including consumer subsidies, EV charging networks as well as "investments in R&D, and incentives to expand the electric vehicle manufacturing and supply chains in the United States."

Hyundai said it supports the 2030 40-50 per cent EV sales goal. Toyota said in a statement the goal was "great for the environment" and added "you can count on Toyota to do our part."

ROLLBACK OF THE ROLLBACK

U.S. regulators plan to propose revising former President Donald Trump's March 2020 rollback of fuel economy standards. Trump required 1.5 per cent annual increases in efficiency through 2026, well below the 5 per cent yearly boosts set in 2012 by President Barack Obama's administration.

Biden's proposed rules, which cover 2023-2026, are expected to be similar in overall vehicle emissions reductions to California's 2019 deal with some automakers that aims to improve fuel economy 3.7 per cent annually through 2026, sources told Reuters.

BMW, Honda, Volkswagen, Ford and Volvo Cars -- which previously struck the California deal -- said in a joint statement they support the "administration's goal of reaching an electric vehicle future" but also said "bold action from our partners in the federal government is crucial to build consumer demand for electric vehicles."

Consulting firm AlixPartners in June said EV investments by 2025 could total $330 billion (all figures in USD). As of now, EVs represent about 2 per cent of total global vehicle sales, and will be about 24 per cent of total sales by 2030, the firm forecast.

Biden has called for $174 billion in government spending to boost EVs, including $100 billion in consumer incentives. A bipartisan Senate infrastructure bill includes $7.5 billion for EV charging stations but no money for new consumer incentives.

"It’s a positive sign that the Senate’s newly negotiated infrastructure plan calls for funding to construct a nationwide EV charging infrastructure network, which will play a critical role in easing the country’s path forward for electrification. But what’s possibly the biggest hurdle ahead is consumer acceptance: what will it take for Americans to be willing to change their car ownership habits to go electric?”

Last month, Stellantis said it was targeting over 40 per cent of U.S. vehicles to be low-emission by 2030.

GM aspires to end sales of new U.S. gasoline-powered light duty vehicles by 2035. Ford has said it plans "at least 40 per cent of our global vehicle volume being all-electric by 2030."

CHARGING STATIONS

Biden in the spring asked Congress for $15 billion in spending to build a coast-to-coast network of 500,000 charging stations, part of a broader effort to get consumers to ditch their gas-guzzling vehicles. He would get just half of that money in the bipartisan infrastructure package the Senate rolled out on Sunday.

Government data estimate there are about 41,000 charging stations now available to the public in the U.S.

“To get this done right, you are looking at between $20 billion and $30 billion over the next 10 years,” said Joe Britton, executive director of the Zero Emission Transportation Association, which has said 4.5 million chargers would be needed by the time the U.S. transitions to all EV sales.

The $7.5 billion included in the Senate infrastructure bill is enough to pay for about 735,000 chargers, if they are are a mix of 90 per cent level 2 chargers, which use the same voltage as a household dryer, and 10 per cent level 3 chargers, which can charge a car in 15-20 minutes but are considerably more expensive, Britton said.

More could be built if there is a federal cost-share with states, he added.

"It’s a positive sign that the Senate’s newly negotiated infrastructure plan calls for funding to construct a nationwide EV charging infrastructure network, which will play a critical role in easing the country’s path forward for electrification," Caldwell said. "But what’s possibly the biggest hurdle ahead is consumer acceptance: what will it take for Americans to be willing to change their car ownership habits to go electric?”

The Alliance for Automotive Innovation, which represents automakers, also said in a statement that additional government support is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions “while maintaining a vital U.S. auto manufacturing sector and the millions of jobs it supports,” the group said.

Some environmental groups, such as the Natural Resources Defense Council, are optimistic the nation will “have the plugs we need to electrify our vehicles.”

“Private companies have already installed more than 100,000 public charging stations in the United States. and investor-owned utilities are investing $3 billion to help deploy charging infrastructure for cars, trucks, and buses,” said Max Baumhefner, a senior attorney at the council. “With new federal investments and breakthroughs in battery technology, range anxiety should soon go the way of the horse-drawn carriage.”

The fuel economy and emissions requirements proposed by the U.S. Transportation Department and EPA would strengthen mandates eased by the Trump administration -- and, over time, mark a return to a more stringent path charted by President Barack Obama in 2012.

The White House estimates that the standards, coupled with the vehicle sales goals, will put the nation on track to cut emissions from new vehicles by 60 per cent in 2030 compared with those sold last year.

ENVIRONMENTALISTS' DOUBTS

Some environmentalists said the proposed rules would yield fewer actual reductions in planet-warming pollution than that Obama plan, especially in the near term, as the administration seeks to make up for lost time.

Biden’s proposal “delivers less carbon pollution reductions than the Obama-era standards and includes unfortunate loopholes that undercut progress,” said Simon Mui, deputy director for clean vehicles and fuels at the NRDC.

“But longer-term, the administration is right that at least half of all new vehicle sales must be electric by 2030,” Mui said. “EPA must now move expeditiously to put strong standards in place to ensure automakers deliver on that goal while also slashing pollution from gasoline and diesel vehicles. Anything less puts our health and climate at unnecessary risk.”

Bloomberg and Automotive News contributed to this report.